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Yenakiieve ((ウクライナ語:Єнáкієве), ''Yenakiieve''; (ロシア語:Ена́киево), Yenakiyevo) is a city in the Donetsk Oblast (province) of eastern Ukraine and is incorporated as a city of oblast significance, a special status within the region equal to that of a raion (district). The city is located on the Krynka River about from the oblast's administrative center, Donetsk. Population: . Yenakiieve is an important regional centre of coal mining, metallurgy, chemical production and manufacturing. The city's outdated industry has caused accidents like that of a gas explosion which occurred in June 2008 at one of Yenakiieve's coal mines. Yenakiieve was founded in 1898 when numerous workers settlements around the Peter's Iron and Steel Works were united into a single settlement named after Fyodor Yenakiyev. Its first coal mines were established already in 1883. The settlement was incorporated as a city in 1925. In Yenakiieve located one of the oldest metallurgical factories of Ukraine - Yenakiieve Iron and Steel Works The city is known as the birthplace of the former President of Ukraine, Viktor Yanukovych. ==History== Permanent settlements on the territory of present-day Yenakiieve were founded in 1783. In 1858 Sofiyevsky coal mine was opened there. At the same time Petrovsky cast-iron plant was constructed (today Yenakiyeve Iron and Steel Works). In 1895 engineers F. Yenakiev and B. Yalovetsky and several Belgian businessmen founded a Russian-Belgian metallurgic society which by 1897 constructed a new Petrovsky cast-iron plant around the settlement Fyodorovka. Coal mines were opened around the plant. Settlements were formed near them and in 1898 they were united into one called Enakievsky after the founder of the Russian-Belgian metallurgic society. The writer A. I. Kuprin who worked at the plant in 1896 described workers’ lives in the story “Molokh”. Before World War I several plants were built in Yenakiieve: coke chemical, brick, beer brewing and butter making. Petrovsky plant became one of the largest metallurgic plants (3rd place) in southern Russia. In 1913 it produced 349,200 tons of cast-iron and 316,400 tons of steel. As a result of ruin after World War I and Civil War of 1919-1921 Petrovsky plant was the only one producing steel. By 1925 the population in Yenakiieve was 34,000, it was referred to as a town. In 1928 the town was renamed into Rykovo, after Soviet party- and statesman A. I. Rykov. After Rykov was arrested in 1937 and the town was renamed as Ordzhonikidze after another Soviet leader G. K. Ordzhonikidze. The name Yenakiieve was returned to the town in 1943. By 1939 the population of the town was 88,200. During World War II Yenakiieve was under siege from Italian army auxiliary units that were seconded to the German Army. They were followed by German units. The city was attacked from 31 October 1941 and not freed until 3 September 1943. Street fighting was fierce between the end of November and beginning of December 1941. “Recruitment” of civilians (ostarbeiter = east workers) began in December 1941. In 1950 about 12 or so Italian POWs (prisoners of war) were put on trial, over atrocities in Yenakiieve (including the destruction of a hospital). Apparently no convictions were registered, and by 1954 all Italian POWs were returned to Italy. In 1950s several plants were put into operation: of ferro-concrete items, of construction material, of house building and automobile-repairing. On September 16, 1979, on the territory of Yenakiieve in the mine “Yuny Communar” there was one of the Nuclear Explosions for the National Economy - an object “Klivazh”. In 2002 the mine was closed as non-perspective and environmentalists worry about the danger of filling the mine with water. It might cause radioactive pollution of the underground water. That’s why pumps continue to pump the water out of the abandoned mine. At the time of the 2001 Ukrainian Census, the population of Yenakiieve was 104,000. As their native language 89.4% spoke Russian, 9.8% Ukrainian, 0.2% Armenian and 0.1% Belarusian.〔()〕 In the War in Donbass the city was captured by pro-Russian separatists〔(A year after fighting stops, depressed Yenakiyeve waits for recovery under Russian occupation ), Kyiv Post (June 24, 2015)〕 when on 13 April 2014 pro-Russian activists captured its town hall and declared that the city was part of the separatist Donetsk Peoples Republic.〔 , Korrespondent.net (14 November 2014)〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Yenakiieve」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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